terça-feira, 30 de novembro de 2010
DÚVIDAS FREQUENTES: "um" é numeral e artigo
A principal diferença entre o numeral cardinal “um” e o artigo indefinido “um” é justamente a função de cada um deles.
O numeral cardinal “um” indica quantidade exata de seres, lugares ou coisas. Adminte o acréscimo dos termos " só", "somente" ou "apenas".
Exemplo:
O atleta trouxe um uniforme para todos os jogos.
(isto é: um só uniforme)
O artigo indefinido “um” generaliza o termo que acompanha, ou seja, determina-o de modo vago. Aceita o acréscimo do termo "qualquer".
Exemplo:
Achei um brinco na calçada.
(ou seja, um brinco qualquer)
Veja a diferença: Estava procurando meus brincos. Encontrei um na calçada.
(aqui "um" está expressando a quantidade, no exemplo anterior, "um" somente generaliza o objeto)
É possível perceber a diferença entre eles em um contexto, passando-os para o plural.
Se o plural de "um" for "uns", é artigo; se for "dois", "três"..., é numeral.
Veja as recomendações do gramático Napoleão Mendes de Almeida:
- “um, quando cardinal, indica realmente número e tem por plural dois; na prática, descobre-se que um é cardinal quando admitir o acréscimo de só, único: Um (só) homem é bastante para erguer isso”.
- “quando indefinido, um tem por plural uns e admite, por contraposição, o adjetivo outro: “Fiquei conhecendo hoje um homem, de que há muito ouvi falar”.
Fonte: Gramática Metódica da Língua Portuguesa, de Napoleão Mendes de Almeida, p. 160.
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